Bontrager's Radiographic Positioning Practice Exam

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• Oblique thoracic spines: degree to visualize zygapophyseal joints?
• In imaging the upper ribs, what is a primary reason for visualizing ribs 1 through 9?
• In an AP projection of the abdomen performed supine, where should the bottom of the image receptor be aligned?
• On the lateral view of the hip, which labeled structure corresponds to the acetabulum?
• Which radiographic view specifically demonstrates the ankle mortise joint?
• The term for a random disturbance that obscures clarity and produces grainy appearance in a digital image is known as:
• Which term describes movement toward the midline?
• The symphysis pubis provides limited movement during pelvic trauma and during which process?
• Which carpal bone is located on the radial (thumb) side of the proximal row and is commonly fractured?
• A Camp-Coventry radiograph is considered non-diagnostic if which condition is observed?
• To rule out calcifications or masses beneath the clavicles, which projection is most appropriate?
• Which part forms the posterior portion of the vertebral arch?
• To best demonstrate the intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine one would obtain a:
• The term pelvic girdle refers to the total pelvis including the sacrum and coccyx.
• A patient from an extended care facility requires a right hip study but experiences severe pain during the frog-leg projection. What should the technologist do to complete the study?
• What is the largest solid organ in the body?
• Which component serves as the main lateral support of the vertebral arch and connects with the vertebral body?
• A patient is lying on her back facing the x-ray tube. The right side of their body is turned 20 degrees toward the IR. What is this radiographic position?
• When the central ray is angled toward the feet, what directional term is used?
• The radiographic term 'projection' is defined as:
• Which carpal bone is distal row and articulates with the 3rd metacarpal?
• Lateral projection of the thoracic spine is best for demonstrating which pathologies?
• Which tarsal bone is located on the lateral aspect of the foot?
• Name the vertebral component that articulates with the vertebral bodies above and below via the superior and inferior articular processes.
• According to standard radiographic practice, what is the minimum number of projections required for most procedures and how far apart should they be?
• In the anatomical position, the ulna lies on which side of the forearm?
• Movement of the arm or leg away from the midline is called which movement?
• The medial malleolus is part of the tibia.
• The vertebral column is divided into ______ sections.
• Which bone forms the heel and articulates with the talus?
• The left lateral decubitus position of the abdomen best visualizes free air in the abdominal cavity.
• To best visualize the right intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine one would obtain an:
• The cardinal rules of radiation protection are:
• The base or proximal portion of the 5th metatarsal is a common fracture site of the foot.
• The bony thorax is widest at the lateral margins of which ribs?
• The projection obtained when the medial surface of the hand is placed on the IR with the CR directed to the 2nd MP joint and exiting the 5th MP joint is the
• If the left posterior surface is toward the image receptor, which oblique position is described?
• Which listed item is the groove that accommodates the trochlea?
• Which structure is the lateral condyle on the AP knee?
• The tubercle of a typical rib articulates with which structure?
• Which combination lists the three major landmarks used for hip positioning?
• Which part of a typical rib articulates with the vertebral body?
• The greater trochanter is in the same transverse plane as which structure?
• A CR angle directed towards the feet is called:
• Which carpal bone is the largest?
• Which projection can best demonstrate a possible mass beneath the right clavicle when PA and left lateral views are inconclusive?
• How many bones make up the hand and wrist?
• Which carpal bone is most commonly fractured?
• The proximal tibiofibular joint is best described as which type of joint?
• The statement 'CR uses a photostimulable phosphor imaging plate stored in a cassette' is true.
• Why is an RAO sternum projection preferred to an LAO sternum?
• AP and lateral tibia and fibula radiographs reveal that the ankle is not included on the AP projection, but the knee and ankle are included on the lateral projection. What should the technologist do?
• Which term describes decreasing the angle between the foot and lower leg?
• In an AP projection of the lower leg, the head of the fibula is located on the ______ end of the fibula.
• Exposure Time controls the number of x-rays produced within the x-ray tube.
• In CR, the imaging plate is read by a laser scanner to produce a digital image.
• The ALARA Principle has nothing to do with radiation protection.
• What is the radiographic position when a patient lies on their left side facing the image receptor with the CR entering the posterior aspect of the body?
• Which bone articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint?
• If the left anterior surface is toward the image receptor, and the body is rotated to place the left side toward the IR, which position is this?
• Which component is not considered an exposure factor?
• In radiography, increasing exposure time while keeping the same mA will increase patient dose.
• Which structure is visualized on a cross-table lateral hip exam?
• Breathing instructions for chest and/or abdomen radiographs are the same.
• Which action will remove the scapulae from the lung fields?
• The tarsal bone found on the medial side of the foot between the talus and the three cuneiforms is the navicular.
• A scintillator is a device that helps measure flashes of light resulting from the ionization of phosphor.
• Which specific anatomy is better visualized with a fan lateral as compared with the other lateral projections of the hand?
• Which term describes the bony cage protecting the heart and lungs?
• Pathology involving the thoracic spine, such as compression fractures, subluxation or kyphosis are best demonstrated by obtaining an:
• Which landmark is located at the level of L4-L5?
• To best visualize the zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine one would obtain a:
• The mastoid tip corresponds to the level of:
• A patient is recumbent facing the image receptor, and the right side of the body is turned 15 degrees toward the IR. What oblique position is this?
• Which carpal bone articulates with the base of the 3rd metacarpal?
• The AP axial projection of the clavicle requires a CR to be angled:
• Which of the following is NOT an aspect of a metatarsal?
• A radiograph of a plantodorsal axial projection of the calcaneus shows foreshortening. What positioning error caused this result?
• Which structure is NOT part of the distal humerus?
• The primary consideration in radiographic practice is patient safety.
• Lying on the back facing upward is described as which term?
• Which statement about the trochlea and capitulum is true?
• Internal rotation of the entire leg in a true AP pelvis projection prevents foreshortening of which structure?
• What are the two primary ligaments on the sides of the knee commonly called?
• Which cervical vertebra contains the odontoid process?
• Which projection best demonstrates air-fluid levels in the chest?
• With the described positioning and a CR directed 10 degrees cephalic through the base of the third metatarsal, what projection of the foot is obtained?
• In the swimmers projection, which set of thoracic levels are demonstrated?
• Which bone articulates with the trochlea of the humerus to form the elbow joint?
• Which system eliminates solid waste in the human body?
• Which describes the articulation of the navicular bone?
• Which projection would best place the sternum to avoid overlapping the heart shadow?
• Which term describes random irregularities in a digital image that degrade quality?
• What distinguishes a floating rib from a false rib?
• Jugular notch is located on which part of the sternum?
• To show anterior and posterior displacement of the forearm, one would obtain a:
• In anterior oblique chest exams, the side of interest is generally the side farthest from the IR; which projection will best visualize the left lung?
• Which term describes the sole of the foot?
• Which bones form the elbow joint?
• For an AP projection of the cervical spine the CR is angled?
• What is the purpose of dividing the abdomen into quadrants or regions?
• In a true lateral projection, which side of the body is in contact with the image receptor?
• The joints between the articular processes of vertebrae are termed:
• Which projection is the plantodorsal axial projection used to image the calcaneus?
• Which carpal bones articulate directly with the distal radius?
• Which structure is NOT a part of the proximal femur?
• Which patellar radiography method is characterized by requiring over flexion of the knee?
• How many bones make up the carpal region?
• Which ribs should be demonstrated on a radiograph of the upper ribs?
• Which listed item names the ulna, the medial bone of the forearm?
• Which structure on the distal femur forms the patellar surface (trochlear groove)?
• True or False: For a non-trauma hip, the basic projections are AP pelvis, AP unilateral hip, and AP unilateral frog-leg.
• Which condition may occur with trauma to the ribs?
• The liver is the largest solid organ and primarily occupies which quadrant?
• In radiography, the term 'view' is not a valid positioning term in the United States. True or False?
• Which projection would provide a side view of the lungs?
• The term PUBIC or HYPOGASTRIC refers to which?
• A longitudinal plane that divides the body into equal anterior and posterior parts is the:
• To show anterior and posterior displacement of the wrist, which projection is used?
• For lateral decubitus abdomen, a minimum wait time of five minutes is recommended before exposure.
• What does the abbreviation RPO refer to in radiographic positioning?
• What term is used by some equipment manufacturers to indicate exposure index?
• An abnormal 'humpback' curvature of the spine is known as:
• Which statement about grayscale in digital imaging is correct?
• The head of the radius is located on which end of the radius?
• A patient is erect with their back to the image receptor, and the left side of the body is turned 45 degrees toward the IR. What is this position?
• The CR location for a PA chest radiograph is at the level of which vertebra?
• A radiograph of an RAO projection of the sternum shows excessive lung markings obscuring the sternum. Which exposure adjustment would likely yield a more diagnostic image?
• Which structure projects posteriorly from the junction of the laminae and serves as a site for muscle attachment?
• The navicular bone articulates with the talus and the three cuneiforms.
• Which projection demonstrates the apex of the lung and helps visualize pathology beneath the clavicles?
• For an AP projection of the pelvis, how should the CR be oriented?
• For the PA projection of the wrist, arching the hand reduces the OID of which structures?
• Which plane is vertical and divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?
• Which statement accurately describes the importance of the femoral head to acetabulum relationship in hip radiography?
• Which anatomical landmark is the enlarged distal end of the fibula called?
• Collimation had nothing to do with digital image contrast.
• For a lateral projection of the knee, how many degrees should the central ray be angled?
• Which ribs are considered true ribs?
• Which option corresponds to the body of the tibia on the AP knee?
• For an AP projection of the thoracic spine the CR is directed perpendicular and centered to:
• The sternal angle is located at the level of the second thoracic vertebra. True or False?
• During repetition of the Camp-Coventry method, which adjustment improves diagnostic quality?
• Which projection best demonstrates the intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine?
• On the AP pelvis labeling, which structure is the iliac crest?
• The central area where bronchi and vessels enter the lungs.
• Which bone forms the lateral malleolus?
• Which term describes the top or anterior surface of the foot?
• The direction or path of the x-ray beam's central ray defines which positioning term?
• How many ribs are classified as true ribs?
• The statement 'Since 1895 the methods of acquiring and storing x-ray images have for the most part stayed the same' is true.
• Which statement about the scapular Y projection's central ray is correct?
• What is the name of the position in which the body is turned 90 degrees from a true AP or PA projection?
• Which projection will project the dens within the shadow of the foramen magnum?
• With the head in neutral position, the angle of the jaw or gonion is at the same level as:
• To visualize the right intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine, which projection would be used?
• In RAO chest projection, which lung is best demonstrated?
• An abnormal or exaggerated lateral spinal curvature is known as:
• Identify the joint between the proximal and distal phalanges of the thumb.
• The joint between proximal and distal phalanges of the 1st digit is the Interphalangeal (IP) joint space.
• How much rotation of the distal humerus is required for the AP medial oblique projection of the elbow?
• In an AP hip radiograph where the lesser trochanter is not visible, what should the technologist do on the repeat exposure?
• To indicate good inspiration on a PA chest exam, how many pairs of ribs should be demonstrated?
• What is the typical rotation of the involved foot in a femoral neck fracture?
• Which of the following bony structures is found on the distal aspect of the ulna?
• Milliamperage (mA) controls the penetrating power of x-rays.
• The menisci act as 'shock absorbers' to reduce some of the direct impact and stress that occur at the knee joint.
• Which projection best visualizes the zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine?
• What is the recommended degree of obliquity for an RAO projection of the sternum in an asthenic patient?
• For a lower ribs radiograph, what is the preferred patient position?
• In digital imaging, Gray Scale is used to refer to which of the following?
• In the context of tibia and fibula imaging, when the ankle is not visible on the AP view but is on the lateral view, what should be done?
• The two strong bands (ligaments) at the sides of the knee are known as the:
• Which term describes turning or bending the hand and wrist toward the radius?
• What is the term for lying down in any position?
• The cardinal rules of radiation protection are:
• Which projection would best demonstrate trauma to the ribs if the patient cannot rotate?
• A position in which the head is lower than the feet is:
• To best visualize an anterior or posterior displacement of the cervical spine one would obtain an:
• Which structure is part of the distal extremity of the tibia/fibula?
• Which maneuver helps to move the scapula away from the lung field during chest radiography?
• How much CR angulation should be used for the scapular Y projection?
• What is the patient position and knee position for the Camp-Coventry knee radiograph described?
• A patient is erect with the right side of the body against the image receptor, and the x-ray beam enters the left side of the body. Which specific position is this?
• How many bones make up the tarsals of the foot?
• How many separate bones are found in the adult human body?
• Which projection is best to rule out calcifications beneath the clavicles?
• Which statement about pelvic morphology is true?
• What rotation is typically used in a true AP pelvis to prevent foreshortening of the femoral neck?
• Which gender corresponds to the acute angle of the pubic arch?
• The degree of rotation for the RAO projection of the sternum is dependent on the size of the thoracic cavity. True or False?
• Which term describes the inward rolling of the sole of the foot?
• The projection named apical lordotic is most effective for visualizing apical portions of which region?
• In lateral decubitus chest, the area of interest is the side down.
• Which term means near the source or origin of a limb?
• Which statement describes a major disadvantage of the Settegast method for radiographing the patellae?
• Erect with left side directly against the image receptor; the CR enters the right side of the body. What is this radiographic position?
• Which term best describes the plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves?
• There are ______ tarsal bones of the foot.
• On the unilateral hip labeling, which label corresponds to the greater trochanter of the right femur?
• Movement of an arm or leg toward the midline is called:
• A Baker's cyst is located in which area of the knee joint?
• Which parameter primarily controls the penetrating power of x-rays?
• Which radiographic position is described by a patient lying on their left side with the CR entering through the posterior aspect of the body?
• Primary term for the superior margin of the sternum?
• A person's body habitus represents a specific type of projection. True or False?
• In lateral decubitus abdomen, the area of interest is the side up.
• Which listed item refers to the proximal end of the radius?
• The imaging plate used in CR stores the latent image until read by a scanner.
• Which projection is best for evaluating joint effusion around the elbow?
• The iliac crest lies in the same transverse plane as which vertebral level?
• Which single projection best demonstrates Osgood-Schlatter disease?
• Which projection demonstrates the greater tubercle in profile?
• Tubercle portion of a typical rib connects to which structure?
• On a labeled unilateral hip image, which structure corresponds to the neck of the right femur?
• In the Camp-Coventry method, what is the initial CR angle described for the radiograph?
• mAs is a combination of all three exposure factors.
• Diaphragms should be visualized on a properly positioned KUB exam.
• Rotation of the hand with the palm down is called which movement?
• Which term describes a radiographic position that involves a 45-degree rotation of the body to the side?
• A dome-shaped muscle aiding respiration.
• Which bones fuse to form the acetabulum?
• Which modality uses a cassette with a photostimulable phosphor imaging plate for digital imaging?
• In lateral decubitus chest radiography, the area of interest is the side down.
• In the distal extremity of the tibia/fibula, which structure corresponds to the lateral malleolus?
• True or False: A Baker's cyst is located in the posterior aspect of the knee joint.
• A highly complex mathematical formula or code used in digital processing is called which term?
• In a patient with suspected pelvic trauma and a fracture, which projection should be obtained first to rule out fracture or dislocation, and who should review it before attempting to rotate to another position?
• Which projection is described as the axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection used to view the hip?
• Which term describes the sole of the foot?
• Which structure forms the anterior weight-bearing portion of a typical vertebra?
• To demonstrate the mortise view of the ankle, after dorsiflexion, how should the foot be rotated?
• What is the name of the prominent bump at the base of the 5th metatarsal?
• Which landmark is visualized on a cross-table lateral hip radiograph?
• Which projection is most appropriate to demonstrate free air when the patient cannot stand?
• What is the only bony connection between the bone thorax and the shoulder girdle?
• In the emergency department, a patient with blunt trauma to the sternum cannot lie prone or stand erect. Which routine is best for the sternum examination?
• Diaphragms should be visualized on a properly positioned KUB exam.
• True or False: For a non-trauma hip, the basic projections are an AP pelvis, AP unilateral hip, and AP unilateral frog-leg.
• A lateral projection of the sternum requires that respiration be suspended on which phase?
• The joint between the first metatarsal and the proximal phalanx is known as which joint?
• Which landmark lies at the level of T9-T10?
• Which condition is an inflammation of the lungs that causes accumulation of fluid in sections of the lung?
• A radiograph of an AP elbow projection demonstrates total separation between the proximal radius and ulna. What must be done to correct this positioning error on the repeat exposure?
• Which statement is true regarding PA versus AP chest radiographs?
• Which muscle is prominently seen on a well-exposed abdomen radiograph?
• The mastoid tip aligns with the level of which vertebra?
• Lateral decubitus abdomen minimum wait time before exposure.
• The ankle mortise should be totally open and visible on a correctly positioned AP projection of the ankle.
• The inferior ramus is a feature of which bone?
• Where is the CR placed for an AP projection of the pelvis?
• The AP axial clavicle projection uses a cephalad angled CR of how many degrees?
• The lateral masses of C1 support the weight of the head and assist in rotation.
• Which structure is part of the proximal extremity of the tibia/fibula?
• Which projection is used to visualize the dens when the open-mouth view is contraindicated?
• A radiograph of an RAO sternum is partially superimposed over the spine. What adjustment is recommended on repeat exposure?
• Which aspect of a rib articulates with the thoracic vertebral body?
• Why should the hand be slightly arched for a PA projection of the wrist?
• For an AP projection of the scapula, the CR should be directed perpendicular to the coracoid process.
• Which cervical vertebra lacks a vertebral body?
• On a repeat axiolateral (inferosuperior) hip radiograph, if a soft tissue artifact obscures the view across the affected hip, what adjustment is described to reduce the artifact during the repeat exposure?
• Which abdominal landmark is commonly used to locate the L4-L5 interspace?
• The proximal tibiofibular joint space is best visualized (open) in which projection?
• An inward stress movement of the foot is known as:
• In lateral decubitus abdomen, which statement correctly identifies the area of interest?
• The greater trochanter is located on which aspect of the proximal femur?
• Which plane divides the body into equal right and left halves?
• Which bone is located on the medial side of the foot between the talus and the cuneiforms?
• Which projection is specifically used to project the sternum over the heart shadow to reduce superimposition?
• In the Camp-Coventry method, to which anatomical landmark is the CR centered?
• Which vertebra is commonly known as the axis?
• The CR location for erect abdomen is approximately 2 inches above the iliac crest.
• Near the source or the beginning describes which term?
• A pixel is an individual component of the image matrix.
• Which statement best describes the S-number in radiography?
• Which statement best describes the arches of the foot?
• Which statement is true about radiography of ribs located above the diaphragm?
• Which joint space should be open or almost open for a well-positioned AP oblique knee projection with medial rotation?
• Which two bony landmarks are palpated for positioning of the elbow?
• PUBIC or HYPOGASTRIC refers to which anatomical region?
• Which structure is described as the medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles?
• The cuboid bone articulates with the calcaneus and the 4th and 5th metatarsals.
• The first cervical vertebrae also known as the axis contains a structure known as the odontoid process.
• Which structure is a common fracture site of an older patient who has fallen?
• Generally speaking most radiographs of the abdomen are taken at what kVp?
• Which structures are found in the costal groove of each rib?
• Which projection best visualizes the phalanges in the hand using the lateral approach?
• Which tarsal bone is considered the smallest?
• The acetabulum is formed by which bones?
• For a standard chest radiograph, where should the top of the film be placed relative to the shoulders?
• Which bones fuse to form the acetabulum?
• True or False: If a patient is suspected to have a fracture of the femoral neck, the radiographer should do the AP pelvis projection without internally rotating the lower leg.
• Which statement about the AP bilateral frog-leg projection is correct?
• To prevent the proximal radius crossing over the ulna for an AP projection of the forearm, one should:
• Which term refers to the top surface of the foot?
• Which structure articulates with the head of the radius?
• In the PA projection of the hand, the digits should be oriented upward on the view box.
• The costal groove houses which neurovascular structures?
• Which ribs are typically included when imaging the upper rib region?
• What distinguishes a true rib from a false rib?
• Which statement best describes the vertebral body of C1?
• A lateromedial projection is where the lateral aspect of the anatomical part is closest to the IR.
• The fovea capitis is a small depression located on which bone feature?
• For AP/PA projections of the ribs, which statement about kilovolt peak (kVp) is correct?
• The function of the knee menisci is to absorb shock.
• A right or left marker may be placed over the area of interest to indicate the location of trauma to the ribs. True or False?
• The spinal cord begins with the medulla oblongata and extends to the lower border of which vertebrae?
• Short spinous processes with bifid tips are a distinguishing feature of which vertebrae?
• Swimmers position: which interspace is demonstrated?
• The _____ is located on the lateral aspect of the foot and articulates with the 4th and 5th metatarsals.
• True/False: An AP external rotation of the shoulder will bring the greater tubercle into profile, while an AP internal rotation of the shoulder will bring the lesser tubercle into profile.
• Sesamoid bones of the foot are most commonly located on the plantar surface near the head of the first metatarsal.
• Which vertebral region has short spinous processes with bifid tips?
• What structure must be visualized (included) on an erect abdomen?
• An upright position with the arms abducted, palms forward, and head forward describes which position?
• Which term describes the upright position with the arms abducted and palms facing forward?
• The spleen is primarily located in which quadrant on abdominal radiographs?
• Which organ is primarily located in the left upper quadrant and may be visualized when enlarged on plain abdominal radiographs?
• The standard SID used for abdomen radiographs is 40 inches.
• On the AP knee view, which structure is the lateral condyle?
• In a PA chest exam for a patient with emphysema, exposure factors should be decreased.
• A patient suspected of having a perforated hollow viscus or an intraabdominal mass is likely to have an acute abdominal series ordered.
• The greater sciatic notch is a feature on which bone?
• Which distal humerus feature is a lateral prominence?
• The radiographic term for large amounts of air throughout the dilated small and large bowel with air-fluid levels is?
• To perform a lateral decubitus projection, what type of beam is required?
• The medial malleolus is part of the:
• The acromioclavicular (AC) joints are located on the most medial aspect of the clavicle.
• Which structure is labeled as the ASIS on the AP pelvis labeling?
• Increasing the angle of a joint is termed which movement?
• AP chest radiographs compared to PA will show what about the heart shadow magnification?
• True or False: The term caudal means toward the head.
• Back half of the patient is referred to as which term?
• An AP oblique-medial rotation radiograph of the foot shows the proximal first and second metatarsals completely superimposed. What positioning error is responsible?
• The abdomen may be divided into four quadrants or how many regions?
• Which statement about the odontoid process is correct?
• The statement 'Anything above the diaphragm is performed on inspiration and anything below on expiration' is true or false?
• To best demonstrate air-fluid levels in the right lung, which projection is indicated?
• Which projection minimizes magnification of the cardiac silhouette?
• Which gender corresponds to the obtuse angle of the pubic arch?
• There are seven tarsal bones in the foot.
• According to standard exposure factors, exposure factors consist of kVp, mA and SID.
• When obtaining an oblique medial (internal) rotation projection of the knee one would rotate the entire leg by how many degrees?
• Which imaging method involves placing a photostimulable phosphor (PSP) imaging plate into a cassette, used like traditional film-screen?
• Which of the following is a bone among the elbow-related terms?